feat: SQLite backup & restore with WASM preview (#5887)

apps/nextjs/src/app/api/backup/export/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import AdmZip from "adm-zip";
+import Database from "better-sqlite3";
+
+import { auth } from "@homarr/auth/next";
+import { env } from "@homarr/common/env";
+import { dbEnv } from "@homarr/core/infrastructure/db/env";
+
+export async function GET() {
+  const session = await auth();
+  if (!session?.user.permissions.includes("admin")) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Unauthorized" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+
+  if (dbEnv.DRIVER !== "better-sqlite3") {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "SQLite backup is only available for SQLite databases" }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  const dbPath = dbEnv.URL as string | undefined;
+  if (!dbPath || !fs.existsSync(dbPath)) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Database file not found" }, { status: 500 });
+  }
+
+  const tempPath = path.join(path.dirname(dbPath), "db.backup.sqlite");
+  let sourceDb: InstanceType<typeof Database> | null = null;
+
+  try {
+    sourceDb = new Database(dbPath, { readonly: true });
+    sourceDb.pragma("wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)");
+    sourceDb.exec(`VACUUM INTO '${tempPath}'`);
+    sourceDb.close();
+    sourceDb = null;
+
+    const dbBuffer = fs.readFileSync(tempPath);
+
+    const metadata = {
+      homarrVersion: process.env.HOMARR_VERSION ?? "unknown",
+      exportedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      dbDialect: "sqlite",
+      encryptionKey: env.SECRET_ENCRYPTION_KEY,
+    };
+
+    const zip = new AdmZip();
+    zip.addFile("db.sqlite", dbBuffer);
+    zip.addFile("metadata.json", Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(metadata, null, 2)));
+
+    const zipBuffer = zip.toBuffer();
+
+    const date = new Date().toISOString().split("T")[0];
+    const filename = `homarr-backup-${date}.zip`;
+
+    return new NextResponse(zipBuffer, {
+      status: 200,
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/zip",
+        "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="${filename}"`,
+        "Content-Length": zipBuffer.length.toString(),
+      },
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("[backup/export] Export failed:", error);
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown error";
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: `Export failed: ${message}` }, { status: 500 });
+  } finally {
+    sourceDb?.close();
+    try {
+      if (fs.existsSync(tempPath)) fs.unlinkSync(tempPath);
+    } catch (cleanupErr) {
+      console.error("[backup/export] Failed to clean up temp file:", cleanupErr);
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/nextjs/src/app/api/backup/import/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+import crypto from "crypto";
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import AdmZip from "adm-zip";
+import Database from "better-sqlite3";
+import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3";
+import { migrate } from "drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3/migrator";
+
+import { auth } from "@homarr/auth/next";
+import { env } from "@homarr/common/env";
+import { DB_CASING } from "@homarr/core/infrastructure/db/constants";
+import { dbEnv } from "@homarr/core/infrastructure/db/env";
+import { db } from "@homarr/db";
+
+import { findMigrationsFolder } from "../shared";
+
+const REQUIRED_ZIP_ENTRIES = ["db.sqlite", "metadata.json"] as const;
+const ALGORITHM = "aes-256-cbc";
+const HEX_KEY_REGEX = /^[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/;
+
+const reEncryptSecrets = (tempDb: InstanceType<typeof Database>, importedKeyHex: string) => {
+  const currentKeyHex = env.SECRET_ENCRYPTION_KEY;
+  if (importedKeyHex === currentKeyHex) return;
+
+  if (!HEX_KEY_REGEX.test(importedKeyHex)) {
+    throw new Error("Imported encryption key is not a valid 64-character hex string");
+  }
+
+  const oldKey = Buffer.from(importedKeyHex, "hex");
+  const newKey = Buffer.from(currentKeyHex, "hex");
+
+  const rows = tempDb.prepare('SELECT "integration_id", "kind", "value" FROM "integrationSecret"').all() as {
+    integration_id: string;
+    kind: string;
+    value: string;
+  }[];
+
+  if (rows.length === 0) return;
+
+  const updateStmt = tempDb.prepare('UPDATE "integrationSecret" SET "value" = ? WHERE "integration_id" = ? AND "kind" = ?');
+  const transaction = tempDb.transaction(() => {
+    for (const row of rows) {
+      const parts = row.value.split(".");
+      if (parts.length !== 2) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Malformed secret value for integration ${row.integration_id} (${row.kind}): expected "data.iv" format`,
+        );
+      }
+      const [data, dataIv] = parts as [string, string];
+
+      try {
+        const iv = Buffer.from(dataIv, "hex");
+        const encrypted = Buffer.from(data, "hex");
+        const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv(ALGORITHM, oldKey, iv);
+        const decrypted = Buffer.concat([decipher.update(encrypted), decipher.final()]).toString();
+
+        const newIv = crypto.randomBytes(16);
+        const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(ALGORITHM, newKey, newIv);
+        const newEncrypted = Buffer.concat([cipher.update(decrypted), cipher.final()]);
+        const newValue = `${newEncrypted.toString("hex")}.${newIv.toString("hex")}`;
+
+        updateStmt.run(newValue, row.integration_id, row.kind);
+      } catch {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to re-encrypt secret for integration ${row.integration_id} (${row.kind})`);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  transaction();
+};
+
+const isOnboardingActiveAsync = async (): Promise<boolean> => {
+  const onboardingRow = await db.query.onboarding.findFirst();
+  if (!onboardingRow) return false;
+  return onboardingRow.step === "start";
+};
+
+export async function POST(req: Request) {
+  const session = await auth();
+  const isAdmin = session?.user.permissions.includes("admin") ?? false;
+  const isOnboarding = !isAdmin && (await isOnboardingActiveAsync());
+
+  if (!isAdmin && !isOnboarding) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Unauthorized" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+
+  if (dbEnv.DRIVER !== "better-sqlite3") {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "SQLite restore is only available for SQLite databases" }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  const dbPath = dbEnv.URL as string | undefined;
+  if (!dbPath) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Database path not configured" }, { status: 500 });
+  }
+
+  let formData: FormData;
+  try {
+    formData = await req.formData();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Invalid form data" }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  const file = formData.get("file");
+  if (!(file instanceof File)) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "No file provided" }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  const arrayBuffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
+  let zip: AdmZip;
+  try {
+    zip = new AdmZip(Buffer.from(arrayBuffer));
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Invalid ZIP file" }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  const entries = zip.getEntries().map((e) => e.entryName);
+  const missingEntries = REQUIRED_ZIP_ENTRIES.filter((name) => !entries.includes(name));
+  if (missingEntries.length > 0) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: `Invalid backup: missing ${missingEntries.join(", ")}` }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  const migrationsFolder = findMigrationsFolder();
+  if (!migrationsFolder) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Migration files not found" }, { status: 500 });
+  }
+
+  const tempPath = path.join(path.dirname(dbPath), "db.import.sqlite");
+  let tempDb: InstanceType<typeof Database> | null = null;
+
+  try {
+    const dbEntry = zip.getEntry("db.sqlite")!;
+    fs.writeFileSync(tempPath, dbEntry.getData());
+
+    tempDb = new Database(tempPath);
+    const drizzleDb = drizzle(tempDb, { casing: DB_CASING });
+    migrate(drizzleDb, { migrationsFolder });
+
+    const metadataEntry = zip.getEntry("metadata.json")!;
+    const metadata = JSON.parse(metadataEntry.getData().toString());
+
+    const rawKey = metadata.encryptionKey ?? zip.getEntry("encryption-key.txt")?.getData().toString().trim();
+    const importedKey = typeof rawKey === "string" && rawKey.length > 0 ? rawKey : undefined;
+
+    const secretCount = (
+      tempDb.prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM "integrationSecret"').get() as { count: number }
+    ).count;
+
+    if (secretCount > 0 && !importedKey) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Backup contains integration secrets but no encryption key. " +
+        "Cannot restore without the original SECRET_ENCRYPTION_KEY.",
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (importedKey) {
+      reEncryptSecrets(tempDb, importedKey);
+    }
+
+    tempDb.close();
+    tempDb = null;
+
+    fs.renameSync(tempPath, dbPath);
+
+    for (const suffix of ["-wal", "-shm"] as const) {
+      try {
+        const sidecar = `${dbPath}${suffix}`;
+        if (fs.existsSync(sidecar)) fs.unlinkSync(sidecar);
+      } catch (cleanupErr) {
+        console.error(`Failed to remove ${suffix} file:`, cleanupErr);
+      }
+    }
+
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      console.log("Database restored, restarting server...");
+      process.exit(0);
+    }, 500);
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true, message: "Database restored. Server is restarting..." });
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("[backup/import] Restore failed:", error);
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown error";
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: `Restore failed: ${message}` }, { status: 500 });
+  } finally {
+    tempDb?.close();
+    if (fs.existsSync(tempPath)) {
+      try {
+        fs.unlinkSync(tempPath);
+      } catch {
+        // temp file may have been renamed already
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/nextjs/src/app/api/backup/migrations/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+
+import { findMigrationsFolder } from "../shared";
+
+interface JournalEntry {
+  idx: number;
+  version: string;
+  when: number;
+  tag: string;
+  breakpoints: boolean;
+}
+
+interface MigrationFile {
+  idx: number;
+  tag: string;
+  sql: string;
+  when: number;
+}
+
+export async function GET() {
+  try {
+    const migrationsFolder = findMigrationsFolder();
+    if (!migrationsFolder) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "Migration files not found" }, { status: 500 });
+    }
+
+    const journalPath = path.join(migrationsFolder, "meta", "_journal.json");
+    if (!fs.existsSync(journalPath)) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "Migration journal not found" }, { status: 500 });
+    }
+
+    const journal = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(journalPath, "utf-8")) as { entries: JournalEntry[] };
+
+    const migrations: MigrationFile[] = [];
+    for (const entry of journal.entries) {
+      const sqlPath = path.join(migrationsFolder, `${entry.tag}.sql`);
+      if (!fs.existsSync(sqlPath)) continue;
+
+      migrations.push({
+        idx: entry.idx,
+        tag: entry.tag,
+        sql: fs.readFileSync(sqlPath, "utf-8"),
+        when: entry.when,
+      });
+    }
+
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { total: migrations.length, migrations },
+      {
+        headers: {
+          "Cache-Control": "public, max-age=3600",
+        },
+      },
+    );
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("[backup/migrations] Failed to read migrations:", error);
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown error";
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: `Failed to read migrations: ${message}` }, { status: 500 });
+  }
+}

apps/nextjs/src/app/api/backup/shared.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+
+const migrationsFolderCandidates = [
+  path.join(process.cwd(), "db/migrations/sqlite"),
+  path.join(process.cwd(), "packages/db/migrations/sqlite"),
+  path.resolve(process.cwd(), "../../db/migrations/sqlite"),
+  "/app/db/migrations/sqlite",
+];
+
+export const findMigrationsFolder = () =>
+  migrationsFolderCandidates.find((candidate) => fs.existsSync(candidate));

apps/nextjs/src/app/api/backup/sql-wasm/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+
+const wasmCandidates = [
+  path.join(process.cwd(), "public/sql-wasm.wasm"),
+  path.join(process.cwd(), "apps/nextjs/public/sql-wasm.wasm"),
+  path.resolve(process.cwd(), "../../node_modules/sql.js/dist/sql-wasm.wasm"),
+  path.join(process.cwd(), "node_modules/sql.js/dist/sql-wasm.wasm"),
+];
+
+let cachedWasm: Buffer | null = null;
+
+export async function GET() {
+  if (!cachedWasm) {
+    const found = wasmCandidates.find((p) => fs.existsSync(p));
+    if (!found) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "WASM binary not found" }, { status: 500 });
+    }
+    cachedWasm = fs.readFileSync(found);
+  }
+
+  return new NextResponse(cachedWasm, {
+    headers: {
+      "Content-Type": "application/wasm",
+      "Cache-Control": "public, max-age=31536000, immutable",
+    },
+  });
+}

apps/nextjs/src/app/api/backup/test/backup.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+import crypto from "crypto";
+import fs from "fs";
+import os from "os";
+import path from "path";
+
+import AdmZip from "adm-zip";
+import Database from "better-sqlite3";
+import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3";
+import { migrate } from "drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3/migrator";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { DB_CASING } from "@homarr/core/infrastructure/db/constants";
+
+const ALGORITHM = "aes-256-cbc";
+const MIGRATIONS_FOLDER = "./packages/db/migrations/sqlite";
+
+const generateHexKey = () => crypto.randomBytes(32).toString("hex");
+
+const encryptWithKey = (text: string, keyHex: string): `${string}.${string}` => {
+  const key = Buffer.from(keyHex, "hex");
+  const iv = crypto.randomBytes(16);
+  const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(ALGORITHM, key, iv);
+  let encrypted = cipher.update(text);
+  encrypted = Buffer.concat([encrypted, cipher.final()]);
+  return `${encrypted.toString("hex")}.${iv.toString("hex")}`;
+};
+
+const decryptWithKey = (value: `${string}.${string}`, keyHex: string): string => {
+  const key = Buffer.from(keyHex, "hex");
+  const [data, dataIv] = value.split(".") as [string, string];
+  const iv = Buffer.from(dataIv, "hex");
+  const encrypted = Buffer.from(data, "hex");
+  const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv(ALGORITHM, key, iv);
+  let decrypted = decipher.update(encrypted);
+  decrypted = Buffer.concat([decrypted, decipher.final()]);
+  return decrypted.toString();
+};
+
+const createTestDb = (dbPath: string) => {
+  const sqlite = new Database(dbPath);
+  const db = drizzle(sqlite, { casing: DB_CASING });
+  migrate(db, { migrationsFolder: MIGRATIONS_FOLDER });
+  return { db, sqlite };
+};
+
+describe("SQLite backup", () => {
+  let tmpDir: string;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    tmpDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "homarr-backup-test-"));
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    fs.rmSync(tmpDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  describe("export ZIP structure", () => {
+    it("should create a ZIP containing all required entries", () => {
+      const dbPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite");
+      const { sqlite } = createTestDb(dbPath);
+
+      const backupPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.backup.sqlite");
+      sqlite.pragma("wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)");
+      sqlite.exec(`VACUUM INTO '${backupPath}'`);
+      sqlite.close();
+
+      const dbBuffer = fs.readFileSync(backupPath);
+      const metadata = {
+        homarrVersion: "test",
+        exportedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        dbDialect: "sqlite",
+        encryptionKey: generateHexKey(),
+      };
+
+      const zip = new AdmZip();
+      zip.addFile("db.sqlite", dbBuffer);
+      zip.addFile("metadata.json", Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(metadata)));
+
+      const zipPath = path.join(tmpDir, "backup.zip");
+      zip.writeZip(zipPath);
+
+      const readBack = new AdmZip(zipPath);
+      const entryNames = readBack.getEntries().map((e) => e.entryName).sort();
+      expect(entryNames).toEqual(["db.sqlite", "metadata.json"]);
+
+      const dbEntry = readBack.getEntry("db.sqlite");
+      expect(dbEntry).toBeDefined();
+      expect(dbEntry!.header.size).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it("should produce a valid SQLite database in the ZIP", () => {
+      const dbPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite");
+      const { sqlite } = createTestDb(dbPath);
+
+      const backupPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.backup.sqlite");
+      sqlite.exec(`VACUUM INTO '${backupPath}'`);
+      sqlite.close();
+
+      const backupDb = new Database(backupPath, { readonly: true });
+      const tables = backupDb
+        .prepare("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' ORDER BY name")
+        .all() as { name: string }[];
+
+      expect(tables.map((t) => t.name)).toContain("board");
+      expect(tables.map((t) => t.name)).toContain("user");
+      expect(tables.map((t) => t.name)).toContain("integrationSecret");
+
+      backupDb.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("import ZIP validation", () => {
+    it("should detect missing required entries", () => {
+      const zip = new AdmZip();
+      zip.addFile("db.sqlite", Buffer.from("dummy"));
+
+      const entries = zip.getEntries().map((e) => e.entryName);
+      const required = ["db.sqlite", "metadata.json"];
+      const missing = required.filter((name) => !entries.includes(name));
+
+      expect(missing).toEqual(["metadata.json"]);
+    });
+
+    it("should accept valid backup ZIP with all entries", () => {
+      const zip = new AdmZip();
+      zip.addFile("db.sqlite", Buffer.from("dummy"));
+      zip.addFile("metadata.json", Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ dbDialect: "sqlite", encryptionKey: generateHexKey() })));
+
+      const entries = zip.getEntries().map((e) => e.entryName);
+      const required = ["db.sqlite", "metadata.json"];
+      const missing = required.filter((name) => !entries.includes(name));
+
+      expect(missing).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it("should accept legacy backup ZIP with encryption-key.txt", () => {
+      const zip = new AdmZip();
+      zip.addFile("db.sqlite", Buffer.from("dummy"));
+      zip.addFile("encryption-key.txt", Buffer.from(generateHexKey()));
+      zip.addFile("metadata.json", Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ dbDialect: "sqlite" })));
+
+      const entries = zip.getEntries().map((e) => e.entryName);
+      const required = ["db.sqlite", "metadata.json"];
+      const missing = required.filter((name) => !entries.includes(name));
+
+      expect(missing).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("secret re-encryption", () => {
+    it("should re-encrypt secrets from old key to new key", () => {
+      const dbPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite");
+      const { sqlite } = createTestDb(dbPath);
+
+      const oldKey = generateHexKey();
+      const newKey = generateHexKey();
+      const plaintext = "my-secret-password";
+
+      const encryptedValue = encryptWithKey(plaintext, oldKey);
+
+      sqlite.exec(`
+        INSERT INTO "integration" ("id", "name", "url", "kind")
+        VALUES ('int-1', 'Test', 'http://test', 'adGuardHome')
+      `);
+      sqlite.exec(`
+        INSERT INTO "integrationSecret" ("integration_id", "kind", "value", "updated_at")
+        VALUES ('int-1', 'apiKey', '${encryptedValue}', ${Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)})
+      `);
+
+      const decryptedBefore = decryptWithKey(encryptedValue, oldKey);
+      expect(decryptedBefore).toBe(plaintext);
+
+      const oldKeyBuf = Buffer.from(oldKey, "hex");
+      const newKeyBuf = Buffer.from(newKey, "hex");
+
+      const rows = sqlite
+        .prepare('SELECT "integration_id", "kind", "value" FROM "integrationSecret"')
+        .all() as { integration_id: string; kind: string; value: string }[];
+
+      const updateStmt = sqlite.prepare(
+        'UPDATE "integrationSecret" SET "value" = ? WHERE "integration_id" = ? AND "kind" = ?',
+      );
+
+      for (const row of rows) {
+        const [data, dataIv] = row.value.split(".") as [string, string];
+        const iv = Buffer.from(dataIv, "hex");
+        const encrypted = Buffer.from(data, "hex");
+        const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv(ALGORITHM, oldKeyBuf, iv);
+        const decrypted = Buffer.concat([decipher.update(encrypted), decipher.final()]).toString();
+
+        const newIv = crypto.randomBytes(16);
+        const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(ALGORITHM, newKeyBuf, newIv);
+        const newEncrypted = Buffer.concat([cipher.update(decrypted), cipher.final()]);
+        const newValue = `${newEncrypted.toString("hex")}.${newIv.toString("hex")}`;
+
+        updateStmt.run(newValue, row.integration_id, row.kind);
+      }
+
+      const updatedRow = sqlite
+        .prepare('SELECT "value" FROM "integrationSecret" WHERE "integration_id" = ?')
+        .get("int-1") as { value: string };
+
+      const decryptedAfter = decryptWithKey(updatedRow.value as `${string}.${string}`, newKey);
+      expect(decryptedAfter).toBe(plaintext);
+
+      expect(() => decryptWithKey(updatedRow.value as `${string}.${string}`, oldKey)).toThrow();
+
+      sqlite.close();
+    });
+
+    it("should skip re-encryption when keys match", () => {
+      const dbPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite");
+      const { sqlite } = createTestDb(dbPath);
+
+      const sameKey = generateHexKey();
+      const plaintext = "my-secret";
+      const encryptedValue = encryptWithKey(plaintext, sameKey);
+
+      sqlite.exec(`
+        INSERT INTO "integration" ("id", "name", "url", "kind")
+        VALUES ('int-1', 'Test', 'http://test', 'adGuardHome')
+      `);
+      sqlite.exec(`
+        INSERT INTO "integrationSecret" ("integration_id", "kind", "value", "updated_at")
+        VALUES ('int-1', 'apiKey', '${encryptedValue}', ${Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)})
+      `);
+
+      const rowBefore = sqlite
+        .prepare('SELECT "value" FROM "integrationSecret" WHERE "integration_id" = ?')
+        .get("int-1") as { value: string };
+
+      expect(rowBefore.value).toBe(encryptedValue);
+
+      const decrypted = decryptWithKey(rowBefore.value as `${string}.${string}`, sameKey);
+      expect(decrypted).toBe(plaintext);
+
+      sqlite.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("VACUUM INTO consistency", () => {
+    it("should produce a consistent copy via VACUUM INTO", () => {
+      const dbPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite");
+      const { sqlite } = createTestDb(dbPath);
+
+      sqlite.exec(`
+        INSERT INTO "app" ("id", "name", "icon_url")
+        VALUES ('app-1', 'TestApp', 'https://example.com/icon.png')
+      `);
+
+      const backupPath = path.join(tmpDir, "db.vacuum.sqlite");
+      sqlite.pragma("wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE)");
+      sqlite.exec(`VACUUM INTO '${backupPath}'`);
+
+      const backupDb = new Database(backupPath, { readonly: true });
+      const app = backupDb.prepare('SELECT "name" FROM "app" WHERE "id" = ?').get("app-1") as { name: string } | undefined;
+
+      expect(app).toBeDefined();
+      expect(app!.name).toBe("TestApp");
+
+      backupDb.close();
+      sqlite.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("migration on imported DB", () => {
+    it("should successfully migrate an imported database", () => {
+      const sourcePath = path.join(tmpDir, "source.sqlite");
+      const { sqlite: sourceDb } = createTestDb(sourcePath);
+
+      sourceDb.exec(`
+        INSERT INTO "board" ("id", "name", "is_public", "primary_color", "secondary_color", "opacity", "item_radius", "background_image_attachment", "background_image_repeat", "background_image_size", "disable_status")
+        VALUES ('board-1', 'TestBoard', 0, '#fa5252', '#fd7e14', 100, 'lg', 'fixed', 'no-repeat', 'cover', 0)
+      `);
+      sourceDb.close();
+
+      const importPath = path.join(tmpDir, "import.sqlite");
+      fs.copyFileSync(sourcePath, importPath);
+
+      const importDb = new Database(importPath);
+      const drizzleDb = drizzle(importDb, { casing: DB_CASING });
+      migrate(drizzleDb, { migrationsFolder: MIGRATIONS_FOLDER });
+
+      const board = importDb.prepare('SELECT "name" FROM "board" WHERE "id" = ?').get("board-1") as { name: string } | undefined;
+      expect(board).toBeDefined();
+      expect(board!.name).toBe("TestBoard");
+
+      importDb.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("encryption key validation", () => {
+    it("should reject invalid hex keys", () => {
+      const invalidKeys = ["short", "not-hex-at-all-this-is-invalid-key-that-is-sixty-four-char!", ""];
+      const hexKeyRegex = /^[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/;
+
+      for (const key of invalidKeys) {
+        expect(hexKeyRegex.test(key)).toBe(false);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it("should accept valid 64-char hex keys", () => {
+      const validKey = generateHexKey();
+      const hexKeyRegex = /^[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/;
+      expect(hexKeyRegex.test(validKey)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});